# Leviticus 23 š: The Appointed Feasts
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> [!info] Table of Contents
> [[#š Scripture Text (NET)]]
> [[#š Verse-by-Verse Commentary]]
> [[#š¤ Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights]]
> [[#š§ Chapter Summary]]
> [[#āļø Christ in This Chapter]]
> [[#š Key Principles / š Life Application]]
> [[#š¬ Discussion Questions]]
> [[#āļø Key Verses to Remember]]
> [[#š Related Passages/Cross Reference]]
> [[#š Devotional Reflection]]
> [[#š Internal Notes]]
## š Scripture Text (NET)
(The NET Bible: New English Translation. Biblical Studies Press, 2005)
### Regulations for Israelās Appointed Times
[[#Verse 01.]]Ā TheĀ LordĀ spoke to Moses:Ā
[[#Verse 02.]]Ā āSpeak to the Israelites and tell them, āThese are theĀ Lordās appointed times which you must proclaim as holy assembliesāmy appointed times.
### The Weekly Sabbath
[[#Verse 03.]]Ā āāSix days work may be done, but on the seventh day there must be a Sabbath of complete rest,Ā a holy assembly. You must not do any work; it is a Sabbath to theĀ LordĀ in all the places where you live.
### The Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread
[[#Verse 04.]]Ā āāThese are theĀ Lordās appointed times, holy assemblies, which you must proclaim at their appointed time.
[[#Verse 05.]]Ā In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight,Ā is a Passover offering to theĀ Lord.
[[#Verse 06.]]Ā Then on the fifteenth day of the same monthĀ will be the Feast of Unleavened Bread to theĀ Lord; seven days you must eat unleavened bread.Ā
[[#Verse 07.]]Ā On the first day there will be a holy assembly for you; you must not do any regular work.Ā
[[#Verse 08.]]Ā You must present a gift to theĀ LordĀ for seven days, and the seventh day is a holy assembly; you must not do any regular work.āā
### The Presentation of Firstfruits
[[#Verse 09.]]Ā TheĀ LordĀ spoke to Moses:Ā
[[#Verse 10.]]Ā āSpeak to the Israelites and tell them, āWhen you enter the land that I am about to give to you and you gather in its harvest,Ā then you must bring the sheaf of the first portion of your harvestĀ to the priest,Ā
[[#Verse 11.]]Ā and he must wave the sheaf before theĀ LordĀ to be accepted for your benefitāon the day after the Sabbath the priest is to wave it.Ā
[[#Verse 12.]]Ā On the day you wave the sheaf you must also offerĀ a flawless yearling lambĀ for a burnt offering to theĀ Lord,Ā
[[#Verse 13.]] along with its grain offering, two-tenths of an ephah ofĀ choice wheat flourĀ mixed with olive oil, as a gift to theĀ Lord, a soothing aroma,Ā and its drink offering, one-fourth of a hin of wine.Ā
[[#Verse 14.]]Ā You must not eat bread, roasted grain, or fresh grain until this very day,Ā until you bring the offering to your God. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generationsĀ in all the places where you live.
### The Feast of Weeks
[[#Verse 15.]]Ā āāYou must count for yourselves seven weeks from the day after the Sabbath, from the day you bring the wave offering sheaf; they must be complete weeks.Ā
[[#Verse 16.]]Ā You must count fifty daysāuntil the day after the seventh Sabbathāand thenĀ you must present a new grain offering to theĀ Lord.Ā
[[#Verse 17.]]Ā From the places where you live you must bring two loaves ofĀ bread for a wave offering; they must be made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine wheat flour, baked with yeast,Ā as firstfruits to theĀ Lord.Ā
[[#Verse 18.]]Ā Along with the loaves of bread,Ā you must also present seven flawless yearling lambs,Ā one young bull,Ā and two rams.Ā They are to be a burnt offering to theĀ LordĀ along with their grain offeringĀ and drink offerings, a gift of a soothing aroma to theĀ Lord.Ā
[[#Verse 19.]]Ā You must also offerĀ one male goatĀ for a sin offering and two yearling lambs for a peace-offering sacrifice,Ā
[[#Verse 20.]]Ā and the priest is to wave themāthe two lambsāalong with the bread of the firstfruits, as a wave offering before theĀ Lord; they will be holy to theĀ LordĀ for the priest.
[[#Verse 21.]]Ā āāOn this very day you must proclaim an assembly; it is to be a holy assembly for you.Ā You must not do any regular work. This is a perpetual statute in all the places where you live throughout your generations.Ā
[[#Verse 23.]]Ā When you gather in the harvestĀ of your land, you must not completely harvest the corner of your field,Ā and you must not gather up the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the poor and the resident foreigner.Ā I am theĀ LordĀ your God.āā
### The Feast of Horn Blasts
[[#Verse 23.]]Ā TheĀ LordĀ spoke to Moses:Ā
[[#Verse 24.]]Ā āTell the Israelites, āIn the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you must have a complete rest, a memorial announced by loud horn blasts,Ā a holy assembly.Ā
[[#Verse 25.]]Ā You must not do any regular work, butĀ you must present a gift to theĀ Lord.āā
### The Day of Atonement
[[#Verse 26.]]Ā TheĀ LordĀ spoke to Moses:
[[#Verse 27.]]Ā āTheĀ tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement.Ā It is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must humble yourselvesĀ and present a gift to theĀ Lord.Ā
[[#Verse 28.]]Ā You must not do any work on this particular day,Ā because it is a day of atonement to make atonement for yourselvesĀ before theĀ LordĀ your God.Ā
[[#Verse 29.]]Ā Indeed,Ā any person who does not behave with humility on this particular day will be cut off from his people.Ā
[[#Verse 30.]]Ā As for any personĀ who does any work on this particular day, I will exterminateĀ that person from the midst of his peopleāĀ
[[#Verse 31.]]Ā you must not do any work! This is a perpetual statute throughout your generationsĀ in all the places where you live.
[[#Verse 32.]]Ā It is a Sabbath of complete rest for you, and you must humble yourselves on the ninth day of the month in the evening, from evening until evening you must observe your Sabbath.ā
### The Feast of Temporary Shelters
[[#Verse 33.]]Ā TheĀ LordĀ spoke to Moses:
[[#Verse 34.]]Ā āTell the Israelites, āOn the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the Feast of SheltersĀ for seven days to theĀ Lord.
[[#Verse 35.]]Ā On the first day is a holy assembly; you must do no regular work.Ā
[[#Verse 36.]]Ā For seven days you must present a gift to theĀ Lord. On the eighth day there is to be a holy assembly for you, and you must present a gift to theĀ Lord. It is a solemn assembly day;Ā you must not do any regular work.
[[#Verse 37.]]Ā āāThese are the appointed times of theĀ LordĀ that you must proclaim as holy assemblies to present a gift to theĀ Lordāburnt offering, grain offering, sacrifice, and drink offerings,Ā each day according to its regulation,Ā
[[#Verse 38.]]Ā besidesĀ the Sabbaths of theĀ LordĀ and all your gifts, votive offerings, and freewill offerings which you must give to theĀ Lord.
[[#Verse 39.]]Ā āāOnĀ the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you gather in the produce of the land, you must celebrate a pilgrim festival of theĀ LordĀ for seven days. On the first day is a complete rest and on the eighth day is complete rest.Ā
[[#Verse 40.]]Ā On the first day you must take for yourselves branches from majestic treesāpalm branches, branches of leafy trees, and willows of the brookāand you must rejoice before theĀ LordĀ your God for seven days.Ā
[[#Verse 41.]]Ā You must celebrate it as a pilgrim festival to theĀ LordĀ for seven days in the year. This is a perpetual statute throughout your generations;Ā you must celebrate it in the seventh month.Ā
[[#Verse 42.]]Ā You must live in temporary sheltersĀ for seven days; every native citizen in Israel must live in shelters,
[[#Verse 43.]]Ā so that your future generations may know that I made the Israelites live in shelters when I brought them out from the land of Egypt. I am theĀ LordĀ your God.āā
[[#Verse 44.]]Ā So Moses spoke to the Israelites about the appointed times of theĀ Lord.
## š Verse-by-Verse Commentary
###### Overall.
###### Verse 01.
###### Verse 02.
###### Verse 03.
###### Verse 04.
###### Verse 05.
###### Verse 06.
###### Verse 07.
###### Verse 08.
###### Verse 09.
###### Verse 10.
###### Verse 11.
###### Verse 12.
###### Verse 13.
###### Verse 14.
###### Verse 15.
###### Verse 16.
###### Verse 17.
###### Verse 18.
###### Verse 19.
###### Verse 20.
###### Verse 21.
###### Verse 22.
###### Verse 23.
###### Verse 24.
###### Verse 25.
###### Verse 26.
###### Verse 27.
###### Verse 28.
###### Verse 29.
###### Verse 30.
###### Verse 31.
###### Verse 32.
###### Verse 33.
###### Verse 34.
###### Verse 35.
###### Verse 36.
###### Verse 37.
###### Verse 38.
###### Verse 39.
###### Verse 40.
###### Verse 41.
###### Verse 42.
###### Verse 43.
###### Verse 44.
## š¤ Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights
1. The Hebrew word for the "appointed times," *mo'adim*, refers to set meetings with God (23:2).
2. The weekly Sabbath is listed first, before the yearly feasts (23:3).
3. Passover was on the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight, followed by seven days of Unleavened Bread (23:5-6).
4. The first sheaf of the barley harvest was waved before the Lord the day after the Sabbath (23:11).
5. Israel counted fifty days to the Festival of Weeks (23:15-16). The name Pentecost comes from the Greek word for "fiftieth."
6. The two loaves offered at the Festival of Weeks were baked with yeast (23:17), unusual for an offering.
7. The gleaning law is repeated in the middle of the feast list (23:22).
8. The first day of the seventh month was marked by trumpet blasts (23:24). Jews observe it today as Rosh Hashanah.
9. The Day of Atonement fell on the tenth day of the seventh month (23:27).
10. Jesus taught at the Festival of Temporary Shelters and invited the thirsty to come to Him (John 7:2, 37-38).
## š§ Chapter Summary
> [!note] š± Still growing. This section is on its way.
## āļø Christ in This Chapter
Christ is the fulfillment of Israel's appointed feasts. He is our Passover Lamb (1 Corinthians 5:7), the firstfruits of the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:20), and the One who poured out the Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 2:33).
## š Key Principles / š Life Application
> [!note] š± Still growing. This section is on its way.
## š¬ Discussion Questions
1. God built rest and celebration into Israel's calendar (23:3). How does your calendar reflect your priorities?
2. Paul calls the risen Jesus the firstfruits (1 Corinthians 15:20; see 23:10-11). How does that deepen your hope in the resurrection?
3. At the Festival of Temporary Shelters, Israel lived in shelters to remember God's care in the wilderness (23:42-43). What practices help you remember God's faithfulness?
## āļø Key Verses to Remember
- š verse 3: The Sabbath is a day of complete rest, a holy assembly to the Lord.
- š verses 10-11: The first sheaf of the harvest is waved before the Lord.
- š verses 42-43: Israel lives in shelters so future generations remember the Exodus.
## š Related Passages/Cross Reference
- š [[1 Corinthians 05#Verse 07.|1 Corinthians 5:7-8]] - Christ our Passover has been sacrificed.
- š [[1 Corinthians 15#Verse 20.|1 Corinthians 15:20-23]] - Christ, the firstfruits of the resurrection.
- š [[Acts 02#Verse 01.|Acts 2:1-4]] - The Spirit comes at Pentecost.
- š [[John 07#Verse 37.|John 7:37-39]] - Rivers of living water.
- š [[Colossians 02#Verse 16.|Colossians 2:16-17]] - The festivals are a shadow; the reality is Christ.
## š Devotional Reflection
> [!note] š± Still growing. This section is on its way.
## š Internal Notes