# Joshua 12 đź“–: List of Defeated Kings
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> [!info] Table of Contents
> [[#đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)]]
> [[#đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary]]
> [[#🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights]]
> [[#🧠Chapter Summary]]
> [[#✝️ Christ in This Chapter]]
> [[#🔎 Key Principles / 🛟 Life Application]]
> [[#đź’¬ Discussion Questions]]
> [[#✍️ Key Verses to Remember]]
> [[#đź”— Related Passages/Cross Reference]]
> [[#🙏 Devotional Reflection]]
> [[#đź“‚ Internal Notes]]
## đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)
(The NET Bible: New English Translation. Biblical Studies Press, 2005)
[[#Verse 01.]] Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land on the east side of the Jordan, from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern rift valley:
[[#Verse 02.]] King Sihon of the Amorites who lived in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley)—including the city in the middle of the valley and half of Gilead—all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory.Â
[[#Verse 03.]] His kingdom included the eastern rift valley from the Sea of Kinnereth to the sea of the rift valley (the Salt Sea), including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
[[#Verse 04.]] The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, who lived in Ashtaroth and EdreiÂ
[[#Verse 05.]]Â and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.
[[#Verse 06.]] Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.
[[#Verse 07.]]Â These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes,Â
[[#Verse 08.]] including the hill country, the foothills, the rift valley, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev—the land of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:
[[#Verse 09.]]Â the king of Jericho (one),
the king of Ai—located near Bethel—(one),
[[#Verse 10.]]Â the king of Jerusalem (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
[[#Verse 11.]]Â the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
[[#Verse 12.]]Â the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
[[#Verse 13.]]Â the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
[[#Verse 14.]]Â the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
[[#Verse 15.]]Â the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
[[#Verse 16.]]Â the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel (one),
[[#Verse 17.]]Â the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
[[#Verse 18.]]Â the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
[[#Verse 19.]]Â the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor (one),
[[#Verse 20.]]Â the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
[[#Verse 21.]]Â the king of Taanach (one),
the king of Megiddo (one),
[[#Verse 22.]]Â the king of Kedesh (one),
the king of Jokneam near Carmel (one),
[[#Verse 23.]] the king of Dor—near Naphath Dor—(one),
the king of Goyim—near Gilgal—(one),
[[#Verse 24.]]Â the king of Tirzah (one), a total of thirty-one kings.
## đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary
###### Overall.
###### Verse 01.
###### Verse 02.
###### Verse 03.
###### Verse 04.
###### Verse 05.
###### Verse 06.
###### Verse 07.
###### Verse 08.
###### Verse 09.
###### Verse 10.
###### Verse 11.
###### Verse 12.
###### Verse 13.
###### Verse 14.
###### Verse 15.
###### Verse 16.
###### Verse 17.
###### Verse 18.
###### Verse 19.
###### Verse 20.
###### Verse 21.
###### Verse 22.
###### Verse 23.
###### Verse 24.
## 🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights
1. Joshua and Israel defeated thirty-one kings west of the Jordan (12:24).
2. Sihon king of Heshbon and Og king of Bashan were defeated east of the Jordan under Moses (12:1-6).
3. Og was one of the last of the Rephaim (12:4), and Deuteronomy 3:11 describes his huge iron bed.
4. The eastern territory stretched from the Arnon River to Mount Hermon (12:1).
5. Each Canaanite city had its own king. The Amarna Letters from Egypt show the same picture of many small city-states with local rulers.
6. The king of Jerusalem is listed (12:10), yet the city itself was not fully taken until David (Judges 1:21; 2 Samuel 5:6-7).
7. Megiddo is listed (12:21). The name Armageddon in Revelation 16:16 comes from "Har Megiddo," the mountain of Megiddo.
8. Tirzah, the last city on the list (12:24), later became a capital of the northern kingdom (1 Kings 15:33).
9. Bethel and Ai are both listed (12:9, 16).
10. Psalm 136:17-22 celebrates the defeat of Sihon and Og.
## 🧠Chapter Summary
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## ✝️ Christ in This Chapter
Christ is the King of kings who triumphs over every power (Revelation 17:14). Joshua 12 lists thirty-one defeated kings (12:24), and Christ has triumphed over every ruler and authority through the cross (Colossians 2:15).
## 🔎 Key Principles / 🛟 Life Application
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## đź’¬ Discussion Questions
1. Why might God want Israel to keep a written list of defeated kings?
2. The chapter remembers victories under both Moses (12:1-6) and Joshua (12:7-24). How does remembering past leaders strengthen our faith?
3. What would be on your own list of victories that show God's faithfulness?
## ✍️ Key Verses to Remember
- đź“– verse 6: Moses and Israel defeated the kings east of the Jordan and gave their land to Reuben, Gad, and half of Manasseh.
- đź“– verse 7: Joshua and Israel defeated the kings west of the Jordan and gave their land to the tribes.
- đź“– verse 24: The total is thirty-one kings.
## đź”— Related Passages/Cross Reference
- đź”— [[Numbers 21#Verse 21.|Numbers 21:21-35]] - The defeat of Sihon and Og.
- đź”— [[Deuteronomy 03#Verse 11.|Deuteronomy 3:11]] - Og's iron bed.
- đź”— [[Psalm 136#Verse 17.|Psalm 136:17-22]] - His loyal love endures forever.
- đź”— [[Revelation 17#Verse 14.|Revelation 17:14]] - The Lamb is King of kings.
- đź”— [[Colossians 02#Verse 15.|Colossians 2:15]] - Christ triumphs over the powers.
## 🙏 Devotional Reflection
đź“ť SOAP: [[Joshua 12 - SOAP|Keep a List of Victories]]
## đź“‚ Internal Notes