# John 02 đź“–: Water into Wine and Temple Cleansing
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> [!info] Table of Contents
> [[#đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)]]
> [[#đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary]]
> [[#🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights]]
> [[#🧠Chapter Summary]]
> [[#✝️ Christ in This Chapter]]
> [[#🔎 Key Observations / 🛟 Life Application]]
> [[#đź’¬ Discussion Questions]]
> [[#✍️ Key Verses to Remember]]
> [[#đź”— Related Passages]]
> [[#🙏 Devotional Reflection]]
> [[#đź“‚ Internal Notes]]
## đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)
(The NET Bible: New English Translation. Biblical Studies Press, 2005)
### Turning Water into Wine
**Principle**: If it matters to you it matters to Jesus.
[[#Verse 01.]] Now on the third day there was a wedding at Cana in Galilee. Jesus’ mother was there,Â
[[#Verse 02.]]Â and Jesus and his disciples were also invited to the wedding.Â
[[#Verse 03.]] When the wine ran out, Jesus’ mother said to him, “They have no wine left.”Â
[[#Verse 04.]] Jesus replied, “Woman, why are you saying this to me? My time has not yet come.”Â
[[#Verse 05.]] His mother told the servants, “Whatever he tells you, do it.”
[[#Verse 06.]] Now there were six stone water jars there for Jewish ceremonial washing, each holding twenty or thirty gallons.Â
[[#Verse 07.]] Jesus told the servants, “Fill the water jars with water.” So they filled them up to the very top.Â
[[#Verse 08.]] Then he told them, “Now draw some out and take it to the head steward,” and they did.Â
[[#Verse 09.]] When the head steward tasted the water that had been turned to wine, not knowing where it came from (though the servants who had drawn the water knew), he called the bridegroomÂ
[[#Verse 10.]] and said to him, “Everyone serves the good wine first, and then the cheaper wine when the guests are drunk. You have kept the good wine until now!”Â
[[#Verse 11.]] Jesus did this as the first of his miraculous signs, in Cana of Galilee. In this way he revealed his glory, and his disciples believed in him.
### Cleansing the Temple
**Principle**: Keep first things first.
[[#Verse 12.]] After this he went down to Capernaum with his mother and brothers and his disciples, and they stayed there a few days.Â
[[#Verse 13.]] Now the Jewish feast of Passover was near, so Jesus went up to Jerusalem.
[[#Verse 14.]]  He found in the temple courts those who were selling oxen and sheep and doves, and the money changers sitting at tables.Â
[[#Verse 15.]] So he made a whip of cords and drove them all out of the temple courts, with the sheep and the oxen. He scattered the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables.
[[#Verse 16.]] To those who sold the doves he said, “Take these things away from here! Do not make my Father’s house a marketplace!”Â
[[#Verse 17.]] His disciples remembered that it was written, “**_Zeal_** **_for your house will devour me_**.” [[Psalm 69]]
[[#Verse 18.]] So then the Jewish leaders responded, “What sign can you show us, since you are doing these things?”Â
[[#Verse 19.]] Jesus replied, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up again.”Â
[[#Verse 20.]] Then the Jewish leaders said to him, “This temple has been under construction for forty-six years, and are you going to raise it up in three days?”Â
[[#Verse 21.]] But Jesus was speaking about the temple of his body.Â
[[#Verse 22.]] So after he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this, and they believed the scripture and the saying that Jesus had spoken.
### Jesus at the Passover Feast
**Principle**: Jesus truly knows all people.
[[#Verse 23.]] Now while Jesus was in Jerusalem at the Feast of the Passover, many people believed in his name because they saw the miraculous signs he was doing.Â
[[#Verse 24.]]Â But Jesus would not entrust himself to them, because he knew all people.Â
[[#Verse 25.]] He did not need anyone to testify about man, for he knew what was in man.
## đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary
###### Overall.
###### Verse 01.
###### Verse 02.
###### Verse 03.
###### Verse 04.
###### Verse 05.
###### Verse 06.
###### Verse 07.
###### Verse 08.
###### Verse 09.
###### Verse 10.
###### Verse 11.
###### Verse 12.
###### Verse 13.
###### Verse 14.
###### Verse 15.
###### Verse 16.
###### Verse 17.
###### Verse 18.
###### Verse 19.
###### Verse 20.
###### Verse 21.
###### Verse 22.
###### Verse 23.
###### Verse 24.
###### Verse 25.
## 🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights
1. Cana was a village in Galilee. John mentions it again as the place where Jesus healed an official's son (4:46) and as Nathanael's hometown (21:2).
2. Wedding celebrations in that culture could last as long as a week, and running out of wine would bring public shame on the host family.
3. Each of the six stone water jars held about 20 to 30 gallons (2:6), so Jesus made roughly 120 to 180 gallons of wine.
4. Stone jars were used for purification water because, unlike pottery, stone was not considered to become ritually unclean.
5. John calls Jesus' miracles "signs" because they point beyond themselves to who Jesus is. Cana is called the first of His signs (2:11).
6. Jesus addresses His mother as "Woman" (2:4), a respectful form of address in that culture. He uses the same word from the cross (19:26).
7. John places a temple cleansing early in Jesus' ministry, while Matthew, Mark, and Luke record one in His final week. Many scholars believe Jesus cleared the temple twice.
8. Merchants sold animals and exchanged money because pilgrims needed approved animals for sacrifice, and the temple tax was paid in a specific silver coin.
9. The leaders said the temple had been under construction for 46 years (2:20). Herod began rebuilding it around 20 BC, which places this event around AD 27 or 28.
10. The disciples remembered Psalm 69:9 (2:17), a psalm the New Testament often connects to Jesus' suffering (Romans 15:3).
## 🧠Chapter Summary
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## ✝️ Christ in This Chapter
Christ is the true temple where God meets His people (2:19-21). His first sign turned water into the best wine (2:10), a foretaste of the joy of the wedding supper of the Lamb (Revelation 19:9).
## 🔎 Key Observations / 🛟 Life Application
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## đź’¬ Discussion Questions
1. Mary told the servants, "Whatever he tells you, do it" (2:5). What does obedience look like when we do not yet understand what Jesus is doing?
2. Jesus cleared the temple out of zeal for His Father's house (2:15-17). What might zeal for God's house look like in our lives and church today?
3. Jesus did not entrust Himself to the crowds because He knew what was in people (2:24-25). Is that a comfort or a challenge to you, and why?
## ✍️ Key Verses to Remember
- đź“– verse 5: Mary tells the servants to do whatever Jesus tells them.
- đź“– verse 11: The first sign at Cana reveals His glory, and His disciples believe in Him.
- đź“– verse 19: Jesus says that if this temple is destroyed, He will raise it up in three days.
- đź“– verse 25: Jesus knows what is in every human heart.
## đź”— Related Passages
- đź”— [[Isaiah 25#Verse 06.|Isaiah 25:6]] - The Lord will prepare a feast of fine wine for all peoples.
- đź”— [[Malachi 03#Verse 01.|Malachi 3:1]] - The Lord will suddenly come to His temple.
- đź”— [[Psalm 69#Verse 09.|Psalm 69:9]] - Zeal for Your house consumes me.
- đź”— [[1 Corinthians 06#Verse 19.|1 Corinthians 6:19]] - Your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit.
- đź”— [[Jeremiah 17#Verse 10.|Jeremiah 17:10]] - The Lord searches the heart.
## 🙏 Devotional Reflection
đź“ť SOAP: [[John 02 - SOAP|He Already Knows]]
## đź“‚ Internal Notes