# John 19 📖: The Crucifixion of the King [[📚 Explore the Bible Books]] [[-John Overview]] | [[John 18]] | [[John 20]] > [!info] Table of Contents > [[#📜 Scripture Text (NET)]] > [[#📖 Verse-by-Verse Commentary]] > [[#🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights]] > [[#🧠 Chapter Summary]] > [[#✝️ Christ in This Chapter]] > [[#🔎 Key Observations / 🛟 Life Application]] > [[#💬 Discussion Questions]] > [[#✍️ Key Verses to Remember]] > [[#🔗 Related Passages]] > [[#🙏 Devotional Reflection]] > [[#📂 Internal Notes]] ## 📜 Scripture Text (NET) (The NET Bible: New English Translation. Biblical Studies Press, 2005) ### Pilate Tries to Release Jesus **Principle**: Jesus fully suffered for us. [[#Verse 01.]] Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged severely.  [[#Verse 02.]] The soldiers braided a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe.  [[#Verse 03.]] They came up to him again and again and said, “Hail, king of the Jews!” And they struck him repeatedly in the face. [[#Verse 04.]] Again Pilate went out and said to the Jewish leaders, “Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no reason for an accusation against him.”  [[#Verse 05.]] So Jesus came outside, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. Pilate said to them, “Look, here is the man!”  ### The Plan Moves Forward **Principle**: The plan of God always moves forward. [[#Verse 06.]] When the chief priests and their officers saw him, they shouted out, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” Pilate said, “You take him and crucify him! Certainly I find no reason for an accusation against him!”  [[#Verse 07.]] The Jewish leaders replied, “We have a law, and according to our law he ought to die, because he claimed to be the Son of God!” [[#Verse 08.]] When Pilate heard what they said, he was more afraid than ever,  [[#Verse 09.]] and he went back into the governor’s residence and said to Jesus, “Where do you come from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.  [[#Verse 10.]] So Pilate said, “Do you refuse to speak to me? Don’t you know I have the authority to release you, and to crucify you?”  [[#Verse 11.]] Jesus replied, “You would have no authority over me at all, unless it was given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of greater sin.” [[#Verse 12.]] From this point on, Pilate tried to release him. But the Jewish leaders shouted out, “If you release this man, you are no friend of Caesar! Everyone who claims to be a king opposes Caesar!”  [[#Verse 13.]] When Pilate heard these words he brought Jesus outside and sat down on the judgment seat in the place called “The Stone Pavement” (_Gabbatha_ in Aramaic).  [[#Verse 14.]] (Now it was the day of preparation for the Passover, about noon.) Pilate said to the Jewish leaders, “Look, here is your king!” [[#Verse 15.]] Then they shouted out, “Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!” Pilate asked, “Shall I crucify your king?” The high priests replied, “We have no king except Caesar!”  [[#Verse 16.]] Then Pilate handed him over to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus,  ### The Crucifixion **Principle**: Love in action. [[#Verse 17.]] and carrying his own cross he went out to the place called “The Place of the Skull”(called in Aramaic _Golgotha_).  [[#Verse 18.]] There they crucified him along with two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.  [[#Verse 19.]] Pilate also had a notice written and fastened to the cross, which read: "Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews.”  [[#Verse 20.]] Thus many of the Jewish residents of Jerusalem read this notice, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the notice was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek. [[#Verse 21.]] Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The king of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am king of the Jews.’”  [[#Verse 22.]] Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.” [[#Verse 23.]] Now when the soldiers crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and made four shares, one for each soldier, and the tunic remained. (Now the tunic was seamless, woven from top to bottom as a single piece.)  [[#Verse 24.]] So the soldiers said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but throw dice to see who will get it.” This took place to fulfill the scripture that says, “**_They divided my garments among them, and for my clothing they threw dice_**.” So the soldiers did these things. ### Jesus’s Provision For His Mother **Principle**: Jesus cares for us in our darkest moments. [[#Verse 25.]] Now standing beside Jesus’ cross were his mother, his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.  [[#Verse 26.]] So when Jesus saw his mother and the disciple whom he loved standing there, he said to his mother, “Woman, look, here is your son!”  [[#Verse 27.]] He then said to his disciple, “Look, here is your mother!” From that very time the disciple took her into his own home. ### Jesus’ Death **Principle**: Jesus never lost control. [[#Verse 28.]] After this Jesus, realizing that by this time everything was completed, said (in order to fulfill the scripture), “I am thirsty!”  [[#Verse 29.]] A jar full of sour wine was there, so they put a sponge soaked in sour wine on a branch of hyssop and lifted it to his mouth.  [[#Verse 30.]] When he had received the sour wine, Jesus said, “It is completed!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. ### Jesus’ Side Pierced **Principle**: Even the bad things that happen can be used to fulfill God’s Word. [[#Verse 31.]] Then, because it was the day of preparation, so that the bodies should not stay on the crosses on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was an especially important one), the Jewish leaders asked Pilate to have the victims’ legs broken and the bodies taken down.  [[#Verse 32.]] So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two men who had been crucified with Jesus, first the one and then the other.  [[#Verse 33.]] But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. [[#Verse 34.]] But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and blood and water flowed out immediately.  [[#Verse 35.]] And the person who saw it has testified (and his testimony is true, and he knows that he is telling the truth), so that you also may believe.  [[#Verse 36.]] For these things happened so that the scripture would be fulfilled, “**_Not a bone of his will be broken_**.” [[Exodus 12]], [[Numbers 09]], [[Psalm 34]] [[#Verse 37.]] And again another scripture says, “**_They will look on the one whom they have pierced_**.” [[Zechariah 12]] ### Jesus’ Burial **Principle**: Honor the Body of Christ, even if it looks like it does not make a last difference. [[#Verse 38.]] After this, Joseph of Arimathea, a disciple of Jesus (but secretly, because he feared the Jewish leaders), asked Pilate if he could remove the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission, so he went and took the body away.  [[#Verse 39.]] Nicodemus, the man who had previously come to Jesus at night, accompanied Joseph, carrying a mixture of myrrh and aloes weighing about seventy-five pounds.  [[#Verse 40.]] Then they took Jesus’ body and wrapped it, with the aromatic spices, in strips of linen cloth according to Jewish burial customs.  [[#Verse 41.]] Now at the place where Jesus was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden was a new tomb where no one had yet been buried. [[#Verse 42.]] And so, because it was the Jewish day of preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus’ body there. ## 📖 Verse-by-Verse Commentary ###### Overall. ###### Verse 01. ###### Verse 02. ###### Verse 03. ###### Verse 04. ###### Verse 05. ###### Verse 06. ###### Verse 07. ###### Verse 08. ###### Verse 09. ###### Verse 10. ###### Verse 11. ###### Verse 12. ###### Verse 13. ###### Verse 14. ###### Verse 15. ###### Verse 16. ###### Verse 17. ###### Verse 18. ###### Verse 19. ###### Verse 20. ###### Verse 21. ###### Verse 22. ###### Verse 23. ###### Verse 24. ###### Verse 25. ###### Verse 26. ###### Verse 27. ###### Verse 28. ###### Verse 29. ###### Verse 30. ###### Verse 31. ###### Verse 32. ###### Verse 33. ###### Verse 34. ###### Verse 35. ###### Verse 36. ###### Verse 37. ###### Verse 38. ###### Verse 39. ###### Verse 40. ###### Verse 41. ###### Verse 42. ## 🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights 1. Roman flogging (19:1) used a whip with pieces of bone or metal and was so brutal that some victims died from it. 2. Pilate's sign was written in Aramaic, Latin, and Greek (19:20), so nearly everyone in Jerusalem could read it. 3. Golgotha (19:17) means "Place of the Skull" in Aramaic. "Calvary" comes from the Latin word for skull. 4. Jesus' tunic was seamless, woven in one piece (19:23), and the soldiers cast lots for it, fulfilling Psalm 22:18. 5. The Greek word *tetelestai* ("It is completed," 19:30) was used in everyday life to mark a task finished or a debt paid. 6. John notes it was the day of preparation for the Passover (19:14), the time when Passover lambs were being prepared. 7. Hyssop (19:29) was the same plant used to apply the blood of the Passover lamb in Egypt (Exodus 12:22). 8. Breaking the legs of the crucified (19:31-32) sped up death, because victims could no longer push up to breathe. 9. The flow of blood and water from Jesus' side (19:34) confirmed that He had truly died, and John stresses he is an eyewitness (19:35). 10. Nicodemus brought about seventy-five pounds of myrrh and aloes (19:39), an amount fit for a royal burial. ## 🧠 Chapter Summary > [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way. ## ✝️ Christ in This Chapter Christ is the Lamb of God who finished the work of salvation on the cross (19:30). Not one of His bones was broken, like the Passover lamb (19:36; Exodus 12:46), and by one sacrifice He made His people holy forever (Hebrews 10:14). ## 🔎 Key Observations / 🛟 Life Application > [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way. ## 💬 Discussion Questions 1. Pilate found no guilt in Jesus but handed Him over anyway (19:4-16). How does fear of people lead us to compromise? 2. From the cross, Jesus made sure His mother would be cared for (19:26-27). What does this show about His heart? 3. Jesus said, "It is completed" (19:30). What does it mean for your life that Jesus finished the work of salvation? ## ✍️ Key Verses to Remember - 📖 verse 5: Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd: Look, here is the man. - 📖 verse 19: Pilate's sign reads, Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews. - 📖 verse 30: Jesus says, It is completed, and gives up His spirit. - 📖 verse 36: Not one of His bones was broken, fulfilling Scripture. ## 🔗 Related Passages - 🔗 [[Isaiah 53#Verse 05.|Isaiah 53:5]] - He was wounded for our rebellious deeds. - 🔗 [[Psalm 22#Verse 18.|Psalm 22:18]] - They cast lots for my clothing. - 🔗 [[Exodus 12#Verse 46.|Exodus 12:46]] - Not a bone of the Passover lamb was to be broken. - 🔗 [[Zechariah 12#Verse 10.|Zechariah 12:10]] - They will look on the one they pierced. - 🔗 [[Hebrews 10#Verse 12.|Hebrews 10:12-14]] - One sacrifice for sins for all time. ## 🙏 Devotional Reflection 📝 SOAP: [[John 19 - SOAP|Don’t Forget Who Is In Charge]] ## 📂 Internal Notes