# Exodus 34 đź“–: The Covenant Renewed
[[đź“š Explore the Bible Books]]
[[-Exodus Overview]] | [[Exodus 33]] | [[Exodus 35]]
> [!info] Table of Contents
> [[#đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)]]
> [[#đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary]]
> [[#🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights]]
> [[#🧠Chapter Summary]]
> [[#✝️ Christ in This Chapter]]
> [[#🔎 Key Principles / 🛟 Life Application]]
> [[#đź’¬ Discussion Questions]]
> [[#✍️ Key Verses to Remember]]
> [[#đź”— Related Passages/Cross Reference]]
> [[#🙏 Devotional Reflection]]
> [[#đź“‚ Internal Notes]]
## đź“ś Scripture Text (NET)
(The NET Bible: New English Translation. Biblical Studies Press, 2005)
### The New Tablets of the Covenant
[[#Verse 01.]] The Lord said to Moses, “Cut out two tablets of stone like the first, and I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets, which you smashed.Â
[[#Verse 02.]] Be prepared in the morning, and go up in the morning to Mount Sinai, and station yourself for me there on the top of the mountain.Â
[[#Verse 03.]] No one is to come up with you; do not let anyone be seen anywhere on the mountain; not even the flocks or the herds may graze in front of that mountain.”Â
[[#Verse 04.]] So Moses cut out two tablets of stone like the first; early in the morning he went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone.
[[#Verse 05.]] The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name.Â
[[#Verse 06.]] The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness,Â
[[#Verse 07.]] keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.”
[[#Verse 08.]] Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshipedÂ
[[#Verse 09.]] and said, “If now I have found favor in your sight, O Lord, let my Lord go among us, for we are a stiff-necked people; pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for your inheritance.”
[[#Verse 10.]] He said, “See, I am going to make a covenant before all your people. I will do wonders such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in any nation. All the people among whom you live will see the work of the Lord, for it is a fearful thing that I am doing with you.
[[#Verse 11.]] “Obey what I am commanding you this day. I am going to drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.Â
[[#Verse 12.]] Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare among you.Â
[[#Verse 13.]]Â Rather you must destroy their altars, smash their images, and cut down their Asherah poles.Â
[[#Verse 14.]] For you must not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.Â
[[#Verse 15.]] Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when they prostitute themselves to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone invites you, you will eat from his sacrifice;Â
[[#Verse 16.]] and you then take his daughters for your sons, and when his daughters prostitute themselves to their gods, they will make your sons prostitute themselves to their gods as well.Â
[[#Verse 17.]]Â You must not make yourselves molten gods.
[[#Verse 18.]] “You must keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you; do this at the appointed time of the month Abib, for in the month Abib you came out of Egypt.
[[#Verse 19.]] “Every firstborn of the womb belongs to me, even every firstborn of your cattle that is a male, whether ox or sheep.Â
[[#Verse 20.]] Now the firstling of a donkey you may redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons.
“No one will appear before me empty-handed.
[[#Verse 21.]] “On six days you may labor, but on the seventh day you must rest; even at the time of plowing and of harvest you are to rest.
[[#Verse 22.]] “You must observe the Feast of Weeks—the firstfruits of the harvest of wheat—and the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year.Â
[[#Verse 23.]] At three times in the year all your men must appear before the Sovereign Lord, the God of Israel.Â
[[#Verse 24.]] For I will drive out the nations before you and enlarge your borders; no one will covet your land when you go up to appear before the Lord your God three times in the year.
[[#Verse 25.]] “You must not offer the blood of my sacrifice with yeast; the sacrifice from the Feast of Passover must not remain until the following morning.
[[#Verse 26.]] “The first of the firstfruits of your soil you must bring to the house of the Lord your God. “You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.”
[[#Verse 27.]] The Lord said to Moses, “Write down these words, for in accordance with these words I have made a covenant with you and with Israel.”Â
[[#Verse 28.]] So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread, and he did not drink water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments.
### The Radiant Face of Moses
[[#Verse 29.]]  Now when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand—when he came down from the mountain, Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.Â
[[#Verse 30.]] When Aaron and all the Israelites saw Moses, the skin of his face shone, and they were afraid to approach him.
[[#Verse 31.]]Â But Moses called to them, so Aaron and all the leaders of the community came back to him, and Moses spoke to them.Â
[[#Verse 32.]] After this all the Israelites approached, and he commanded them all that the Lord had spoken to him on Mount Sinai.Â
[[#Verse 33.]] When Moses finished speaking with them, he would put a veil on his face.Â
[[#Verse 34.]] But when Moses went in before the Lord to speak with him, he would remove the veil until he came out. Then he would come out and tell the Israelites what he had been commanded.Â
[[#Verse 35.]] When the Israelites would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone, Moses would put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with the Lord.
## đź“– Verse-by-Verse Commentary
###### Overall.
###### Verse 01.
###### Verse 02.
###### Verse 03.
###### Verse 04.
###### Verse 05.
###### Verse 06.
###### Verse 07.
###### Verse 08.
###### Verse 09.
###### Verse 10.
###### Verse 11.
###### Verse 12.
###### Verse 13.
###### Verse 14.
###### Verse 15.
###### Verse 16.
###### Verse 17.
###### Verse 18.
###### Verse 19.
###### Verse 20.
###### Verse 21.
###### Verse 22.
###### Verse 23.
###### Verse 24.
###### Verse 25.
###### Verse 26.
###### Verse 27.
###### Verse 28.
###### Verse 29.
###### Verse 30.
###### Verse 31.
###### Verse 32.
###### Verse 33.
###### Verse 34.
###### Verse 35.
## 🤔 Interesting Facts / Historical and Cultural Insights
1. God's self-description in 34:6-7 is echoed throughout the Old Testament (Numbers 14:18; Nehemiah 9:17; Psalm 103:8; Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2).
2. "Loyal love" (34:6) translates the Hebrew word *hesed*, God's faithful covenant love.
3. This time Moses cut the stone tablets himself (34:1, 4).
4. God gives Himself the name "Jealous" (34:14), showing His exclusive covenant love for His people.
5. Asherah poles (34:13) were wooden objects connected with the Canaanite goddess Asherah.
6. The three yearly feasts are repeated here as part of the renewed covenant (34:18-23).
7. Moses again spent forty days and nights on the mountain without bread or water (34:28).
8. The commandments are called the "ten words" (34:28).
9. The Hebrew verb for Moses' face shining is related to the word for "horn." The Latin Vulgate translated it "horned," which is why Michelangelo's statue of Moses has horns.
10. Paul uses Moses' veil to contrast the old and new covenants (2 Corinthians 3:7-18).
## 🧠Chapter Summary
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## ✝️ Christ in This Chapter
Christ is the full revelation of God's grace and truth. God proclaimed Himself compassionate, gracious, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness (34:6), and the Word became flesh, full of grace and truth (John 1:14, 17).
## 🔎 Key Principles / 🛟 Life Application
> [!note] 🌱 Still growing. This section is on its way.
## đź’¬ Discussion Questions
1. God describes Himself in 34:6-7. Which part of His character do you most need to remember today?
2. God calls Himself "Jealous" (34:14). How is God's jealousy different from human jealousy?
3. Moses' face shone after being with God (34:29). How does time with God change the way we reflect Him to others (2 Corinthians 3:18)?
## ✍️ Key Verses to Remember
- đź“– verses 6-7: The Lord is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness.
- đź“– verse 14: Worship no other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.
- đź“– verse 29: Moses' face shone because he had been speaking with the Lord.
## đź”— Related Passages/Cross Reference
- đź”— [[John 01#Verse 14.|John 1:14-17]] - Full of grace and truth.
- đź”— [[2 Corinthians 03#Verse 07.|2 Corinthians 3:7-18]] - The veil is removed in Christ.
- đź”— [[Psalm 103#Verse 08.|Psalm 103:8-12]] - The Lord is compassionate and gracious.
- đź”— [[Jonah 04#Verse 02.|Jonah 4:2]] - Jonah knew God was gracious and compassionate.
- đź”— [[Numbers 14#Verse 18.|Numbers 14:18]] - Moses appeals to God's character.
## 🙏 Devotional Reflection
đź“ť SOAP: [[Exodus 34- SOAP|Do You Have An Afterglow?]]
## đź“‚ Internal Notes